Papal Funeral Traditions
Papal funerals are rich in tradition, symbolism, and ritual, shaped by centuries of Catholic custom. Here’s a breakdown of the key elements and traditions that typically accompany the funeral of a pope:
1. The "Novemdiales" – Nine Days of Mourning
After a pope dies, the Vatican observes nine days of official mourning, called the Novemdiales. These days are marked with special Masses and prayers for the soul of the deceased pope, culminating in the final funeral rites.
2. Death Verification and Ritual
The death of a pope is officially verified by the Camerlengo (a cardinal appointed to oversee Church affairs between popes). Traditionally, he confirms the pope’s death by calling out his baptismal name three times. He then orders the pope’s ring of the fisherman (the papal seal) to be broken, symbolizing the end of his authority.
3. Lying in State
The body of the pope is first placed in the Apostolic Palace for private viewing by Vatican officials, then moved to St. Peter’s Basilica for public viewing. Thousands of mourners from around the world typically come to pay their respects.
4. The Funeral Mass
The pope’s funeral usually takes place in St. Peter’s Square, presided over by the Dean of the College of Cardinals (not the new pope, since there isn’t one yet). It’s a Requiem Mass, similar to other Catholic funerals but with papal-specific rites and prayers.
The pope is buried in three coffins:
- An inner cypress coffin (symbolizing humility),
- A middle zinc coffin (for preservation),
- An outer oak or elm coffin (for strength and durability).
5. Burial Location
The pope is typically buried beneath St. Peter’s Basilica, often in the Vatican Grottoes. Some popes have chosen alternative sites based on personal wishes or prior arrangements.
6. Transition to the Next Pope
The funeral rituals are part of the interregnum period called the sede vacante ("the seat being vacant"). Once the mourning concludes, the conclave of cardinals convenes to elect a new pope.
Photo by AP Photo/Alessandra Tarantino
